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Landsat Documents

Documents supporting the USGS Landsat Project

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Landsat Factsheets

Factsheets showing Landsat information

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Below is a list of the most recent Landsat peer-reviewed scientific papers, reports, fact sheets, and other publications. You can search all our publication holdings by type, topic, year, and order. After selecting any set of these criteria, click "Apply Filter" to view the search results.

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Landsat Documents

Many documents supporting the USGS Landsat Project are available, covering satellite missions overviews, to specific data and product information. 

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Filter Total Items: 84

Operational aspects of Landsat 8 and 9 geometry

Landsat 9 (L9) was launched on 27 September 2021. This spacecraft contained two instruments, the Operational Land Imager-2 (OLI-2) and Thermal Infrared Sensor-2 (TIRS-2), that allow for a continuation of the Landsat program and the mission to acquire multi-spectral observations of the globe on a moderate scale. Following a period of commissioning, during which time the spacecraft and...
Authors
Mike Choate, Rajagopalan Rengarajan, Md Nahid Hasan, Alex Denevan, Kathryn Lynn Ruslander
By
National Land Imaging Program, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , EROS CalVal Center of Excellence (ECCOE), Landsat Missions

The 50-year Landsat collection 2 archive

The Landsat global consolidated data archive now exceeds 50 years. In recognition of the need for consistently processed data across the Landsat satellite series, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) initiated collection-based processing of the entire archive that was processed as Collection 1 in 2016. In preparation for the data from the now successfully launched Landsat 9, the USGS...
Authors
Christopher J. Crawford, David P. Roy, Saeed Arab, Christopher Barnes, Eric Vermote, Glynn Hulley, Aaron Gerace, Mike Choate, Christopher Engebretson, Esad Micijevic, Gail L. Schmidt, Cody Anderson, Martha C. Anderson, Michelle Bouchard, Bruce D. Cook, Ray Dittmeier, Danny Howard, Calli B. Jenkerson, Minsu Kim, Tania Kleyians, Tom Maiersperger, Chase William Mueller, Christopher Neigh, Linda Owen, Benjamin M. Page, Nima Pahelvan, Rajagopalan Rengarajan, Jean-Claude Roger, Kristi Sayler, Pat Scaramuzza, Sergii Skakun, Lin Yan, Hankui K. Zhang, Zhe Zhu, Stephen G. Zahn
By
National Land Imaging Program, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , EROS CalVal Center of Excellence (ECCOE), Landsat Missions

Landsat 9 geometric commissioning calibration updates and system performance assessment

Starting with launch of Landsat 7 (L7) on 15 April 1999, the USGS Landsat Image Assessment System (IAS) has been performing calibration and characterization operations for over 20 years on the Landsat spacecrafts and their associated payloads. With the launch of Landsat 9 (L9) on 27 September 2021, that spacecraft and its payloads, the Operational Land Imager-2 (OLI-2) and Thermal...
Authors
Mike Choate, Rajagopalan Rengarajan, James C. Storey, Mark Lubke
By
National Land Imaging Program, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , EROS CalVal Center of Excellence (ECCOE), Landsat Missions

Evaluation of Copernicus DEM and comparison to the DEM used for Landsat collection-2 processing

Having highly accurate and reliable Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) of the Earth’s surface is critical to orthorectify Landsat imagery. Without such accuracy, pixel locations reported in the data are difficult to assure as accurate, especially in more mountainous landscapes, where the orthorectification process is the most challenging. To this end, the Landsat Calibration and Validation...
Authors
Shannon Franks, Rajagopalan Rengarajan
By
National Land Imaging Program, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , EROS CalVal Center of Excellence (ECCOE), Landsat Missions

ECCOE Landsat quarterly Calibration and Validation report—Quarter 3, 2022

Executive SummaryThe U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote-sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat...
Authors
Md Obaidul Haque, Rajagopalan Rengarajan, Mark Lubke, Md Nahid Hasan, Ashish Shrestha, Fatima Tuz Zafrin Tuli, Jerad Shaw, Alex Denevan, Shannon Franks, Esad Micijevic, Mike Choate, Cody Anderson, Kurt Thome, Ed Kaita, Julia A. Barsi, Raviv Levy, Jeff Miller
By
National Land Imaging Program, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , EROS CalVal Center of Excellence (ECCOE), Landsat Missions

Improving temporal frequency of Landsat surface temperature products using the gap-filling algorithm

Remotely sensed surface temperature (ST) has been widely used to monitor and assess landscape thermal conditions, hydrologic modeling, and surface energy balance. Landsat thermal sensors have continuously measured the Earth surface thermal radiance since August 1982. The thermal radiance measurements are atmospherically compensated and converted to Landsat STs and delivered as part of...
Authors
George Z. Xian, Hua Shi, Saeed Arab, Chase William Mueller, Reza A Hussain, Kristi Sayler, Daniel M. Howard
By
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , Landsat Missions

Landsat Collection 2 Level-3 Fractional Snow Covered Area science product

The Landsat Collection 2 Level-3 Fractional Snow Covered Area science product indicates the percentage of pixels covered by snow for Landsat 4–9 imagery. Landsat’s spatial resolution offers the capability to map snow cover patterns across topographically complex mountainous regions. Snow cover is spatially and temporally variable and is often concentrated in remote or inaccessible land...
By
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , Landsat Missions

Landsat Collection 2 Level-3 Burned Area science product

Accurate and complete data on fire locations and burned areas are needed to quantify trends and patterns of fire occurrence, characterize drivers of fire, project future fire pattern behavior, and help with assessments of fire effects on natural and social systems. The Landsat Collection 2 Level-3 Burned Area science product is designed to identify burned areas across all ecosystems (for...
By
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , Landsat Missions

Landsat Collection 2 Level-3 Dynamic Surface Water Extent science product

The Landsat Collection 2 Level-3 Dynamic Surface Water Extent science product provides raster data that represent surface water inundation per pixel in Landsat 4–9 imagery. The Collection 2 Dynamic Surface Water Extent science product contains six acquisition-based raster products relating to surface water. Surface water extent is modulated by weather and climate, stream network...
By
Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , Landsat Missions

Landsat 9 cross calibration under-fly of Landsat 8: Planning, and execution

During the early post-launch phase of the Landsat 9 mission, the Landsat 8 and 9 mission teams conducted a successful under-fly of Landsat 8 by Landsat 9, allowing for the near-simultaneous data collection of common Earth targets by the on-board sensors for cross-calibration. This effort, coordinated by the Landsat Calibration and Validation team, required contributions from various...
Authors
Edward Kaita, Brian L. Markham, Md Obaidul Haque, Donald Dichmann, Aaron Gerace, Lawrence Leigh, Susan Good, Michael Schmidt, Christopher J. Crawford
By
Core Science Systems Mission Area, National Land Imaging Program, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , EROS CalVal Center of Excellence (ECCOE), Landsat Missions

ECCOE Landsat Quarterly Calibration and Validation report—Quarter 2, 2022

Executive SummaryThe U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote-sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat...
Authors
Md Obaidul Haque, Rajagopalan Rengarajan, Mark Lubke, Md Nahid Hasan, Ashish Shrestha, Fatima Tuz Zafrin Tuli, Jerad Shaw, Alex Denevan, Shannon Franks, Esad Micijevic, Mike Choate, Cody Anderson, Kurt Thome, Ed Kaita, Julia A. Barsi, Raviv Levy, Lawrence Ong
By
National Land Imaging Program, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , EROS CalVal Center of Excellence (ECCOE), Landsat Missions

Landsat 9 geometric characteristics using underfly data

The Landsat program has a long history of providing remotely sensed data to the user community. This history is being extended with the addition of the Landsat 9 satellite, which closely mimics the Landsat 8 satellite and its instruments. These satellites contain two instruments, the Operational Land Imager (OLI) and the Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS). OLI is a push-broom sensor that...
Authors
Mike Choate, Rajagopalan Rengarajan, James C. Storey, Mark Lubke
By
National Land Imaging Program, Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center , EROS CalVal Center of Excellence (ECCOE), Landsat Missions
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