Produced‐water management options and potential routes of exposure
Detailed Description
A general summary of produced‐water management options and potential routes of exposure. Management of produced water can include its (1) collection and storage, (2) transport, (3) disposal, primarily through Class II Underground Injection Control (UIC) wells, as represented by “underground injection,” (4) treatment, and (5) potential uses such as irrigation or road de‐icing or dust suppression (ALL Consulting, 2022; Groundwater Protection Council, 2023). During its management, produced water might be released to the environment through spills, leaks, or evaporation from open‐air storage impoundments or through authorized discharges.
Sources/Usage
Public Domain.
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